Memory and mutualism in species sustainability: A time-fractional Lotka-Volterra model with harvesting

Memory and mutualism in species sustainability: A time-fractional Lotka-Volterra model with harvesting

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We first present a predator-prey model for two species and then extend the model to three species where the two predator species engage in mutualistic predation.Constant effort harvesting and the impact of by-catch issue are also incorporated.Necessary sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of positive equilibrium points are examined.It is shown 9x11 pergola that harvesting is sustainable, and the memory concept of the fractional derivative damps out oscillations in the population numbers so that the system as a whole settles on an equilibrium quicker than it would with integer time derivatives.

Finally, some possible physical explanations are given for the obtained results.It google pixel 7 freedom is shown that the stability requires the memory concept in the model.